Algebra and Discrete Mathematics are essential tools also for economists.  Globalization makes that goods and services are exchanged worldwide. Input-output analysis uses the advantage of a relatively stable flow of commodities and services. The essential principles can be described by input-output tables. Such tables correspond to systems of linear equations, written as single equations consisting of matrices whose entries are non-negative rational numbers. The flow itself can be described by a directed edge-valued graph where the sets of values consist of positive rational numbers. Therefore numbers, especially non-negative rational numbers, multiple-partite graphs and matrices with non-negative rational entries play an important role in input-output analysis. Thus knowledge from Algebra and Discrete Mathematics becomes more and more useful in this area.